A new study shows that male circular worms are worse in learning experience than colleagues.
Interestingly, this lack of judgment seems to settle down when having sex, and the impulse to reproduce reproduces suggests that the brain of male worms dominates the risk of damage.
Researchers connect this phenomenon with certain proteins in the worm brain. One is closely related to the protein found in other animals.
In roundworms, the protein is called neuropeptide receptor, NPR-5, which is involved in counterfeit and structure. Escape responseIt seems to be adjusting male learning by modifying brain activity.
This receptor is equivalent to mammals, including humans. We are activated by the nerve peptide called NPY and are the core regulators of various behaviors, including learning and memory.
“In the past study, scientists have found that female mice have a lower NPY level than men, and that this is the reason why this is more sensitive to stress by response to danger.” Explain MEITAL OEN-SUISSA, leading Oren Lab in the brain sciences of Weizmann.
“Human behavior is much more complicated, but our research lays the foundation for understanding the differences between men and women in more complex organisms.”
Research function Caenorhabditis ElegansA species widely used as a model organism. C. Elegans It has a frill nervous system with hundreds of nerve cells, and it is the only species that is completely mapped to both men and women. All of these connections are the same when they are born, and only after the worms are mature.
This species is ideal for illuminating genetic differences between nematodes of nematodes because the gender of individual insects is determined by genes without complex factors such as hormones.
Unlike mammals, there is a roundworm Two sex: Men and heroes can be considered a ‘self -reinforced’ woman who has the ability to create their own sperm and regenerate themselves.
This study tested the gender ability to learn from experience. Using harmful bacteria with attractive smells C. ElegansThe authors first exposed each sex to fragrant poison.
If you have experience in this toxin, the worms have to be selected from the toxic bacteria or less appetite but harmless. The exposed Hemapord Dote quickly turned into a less harmful food, but the findings show that most exposed men are attached to a better smell bacteria as they are sick. Only after the much more extended training, men began to avoid toxic food.
In the exposed Hermaprodite Worms, neurons related to olfactory backlash were more active when they met toxic foods, but they did not have similar effects in exposed males.
To investigate why it was, researchers performed the Hermaphroditic worm with male nervous system. This ‘brain exchange’ was enough to clearly reduce the worm’s learning ability.
In other words, to associate male bugs with the smell and disease of toxic bacteria, it was necessary to adjust the nervous system. There was also a need for gender changes in digestion anatomy.
“We assumed that the digestion and nervous system communicated with each other because of this result and other discoveries. Perhaps we use short proteins that attach themselves to neuropeptides and neurons and affect them, and this communication oppresses the skill of the insects.” Say Weizmann Institute of Science, Ph.D., a Ph.D. student of Sonu Peedikayil-Kurien and Neuro Biology.
When the male was exposed to toxic bacteria, the researchers showed that the expression of NPR-5 receptors in the brain decreased. So they created a man whose receptors are completely insufficient and improved their learning in the process.
When the researchers recovered the NPR-5 expression, the advantage disappeared, and the researchers suspected that the receptor inhibited men’s learning.
And while learning to avoid risks, it is generally adaptable, but men explain that they are faced with evolutionary pressure to determine the priority of reproduction. OREN-SUISSA, He is leading Oen Lab in Wheizmann’s Brain Sciences Department.
“One of the important points we found in this context is that we have male bugs [exposure] We saw the ability to learn from experience. “Oen-suissa Say.
“In fact, we can say that the receptor we confirmed is responsible for the fact that men will prioritize compensation through experience as part of the decision -making process.” addition.
“We know that male bugs will give up their food to find their spouses, so their urge to overcome other evolutionary pressure, such as the necessity of avoiding risks, can be possible.”
This study has been published Natural communication.
