Cushing’s syndrome is a condition caused by long-term exposure to cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. Cortisol is important for a variety of skeletal functions, including regulating metabolism, reducing inflammation, and supporting the body’s response to pressure. However, excessive amounts of cortisol can cause a variety of health problems. lovely
reason
Cushing’s syndrome can be caused by a variety of causes, including:
- Extrinsic Cushing’s syndrome: Caused by long-term use of corticosteroid drugs (such as prednisone), which are prescribed for inflammatory or autoimmune conditions.
- Endogenous Cushing’s Syndrome: May occur because the body produces too much cortisol:
- Pituitary adenoma (Cushing’s disease): A benign tumor inside the pituitary gland that stimulates cortisol production by overproducing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
- Adrenal tumors: Benign or malignant growths inside the adrenal glands immediately cause increased cortisol secretion.
- Ectopic ACTH syndrome: Benign cancers (such as most ectopic lung cancers) produce ACTH outside the pituitary gland.
signs
Less common signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome include:
- Weight advantage: mainly over the belly, face (“moon face”) and upper back (“buffalo hump”).
- Skin Conditioning: Thin and fragile skin; clean bruises; There are red stretch marks (stripes), especially on the abdomen.
- Muscle weakness: especially in the arms and legs.
- Bone health: Osteoporosis or fractures.
- High blood pressure and blood sugar: It increases your chances of developing diabetes and high blood pressure.
- Mood regulation: despair, anxiety, irritability.
- I feel tired and sleep deprived.
- Women: Irregular or absent menstrual periods or excessive hair growth.
- Men: Decreased libido and erectile dysfunction.
analyze
A diagnosis of Cushing syndrome includes:
Measure cortisol levels (assessed in blood, urine, or saliva)
Imaging tests (MRI or CT scan) and blood evaluation may be used to determine the cause and determine whether there is a problem with ACTH levels.
therapy
Treatment depends on the underlying cause.
Reduce steroid use: Due to corticosteroid treatment, reduce the dose under scientific supervision.
Surgical treatment: Tumor is removed from the pituitary gland, adrenal gland, or ectopic source.
Radiation therapy: For inoperable pituitary tumors.
Medicines: Lower cortisol levels or block its effects.
Lifestyle modifications: Control signs and symptoms and improve average fitness.
prognosis
With appropriate treatment, many people can overcome Cushing’s syndrome, but some people may develop chronic health problems that require ongoing care. Early detection and treatment greatly improves outcomes.
Cushing’s Syndrome Causes and Threat Factors
Causes of Cushing’s Syndrome
Cushing’s syndrome is caused by prolonged exposure to excessive levels of cortisol, a hormone produced through the adrenal glands. The reasons are classified as exogenous (external) or endogenous (internal). read more
1. Exogenous reasons (external)
Long-term use of corticosteroid drugs:
The most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome.
Medicines taken with prednisone or dexamethasone, which are used to treat conditions such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, or autoimmune diseases, mimic the effects of cortisol.
High doses or long-term use may interfere with Frame’s herbal cortisol regulation.
two. endogenous reasons
Endogenous Cushing’s syndrome is caused by frames that regularly produce excessive amounts of cortisol due to hormonal imbalances or tumors.
Pituitary adenoma (Cushing’s disease):
Noncancerous tumors within the pituitary gland produce additional adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal glands to release more cortisol.
Maximum common endogenous reasons.
Adrenal tumors:
Benign (adenomas) or malignant (carcinoma) tumors within the adrenal glands can cause excessive cortisol production.
Ectopic ACTH Syndrome:
Some cancers (e.g., migratory lung cancer or pancreatic tumors) produce ACTH outside the pituitary gland, causing an excessive cortisol phase.
Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD):
This is a special genetic condition in which small nodules within the adrenal glands target excessive cortisol production.
McCune-Albright Syndrome:
It is a rare genetic disorder that causes the adrenal glands to become overactive.
risk factors
Positive factors can further increase your chances of developing Cushing syndrome.
1. Drug-related
- Long-term use of high doses of corticosteroids for the following conditions:
- bronchial asthma
- rheumatoid arthritis
- inflammatory bowel disease
- Organ transplant to save you from rejection
2. Genetic predisposition
- Hereditary disorders, including:
- One or more endocrine tumors type 1 (MEN1)
- family carny complex
3. Tumor potential
- If you have a condition that predisposes you to pituitary or adrenal gland tumors.
4. Most cancers
- Certain cancers (such as most small cell lung cancers) can cause ectopic ACTH syndrome.
five. gender
- Women are at higher risk of developing Cushing’s syndrome, especially Cushing’s syndrome caused by pituitary adenomas.
6. Age
- It is most commonly diagnosed in adults aged 20 to 50, but can affect people of any age, including babies.
Test to find motivation for high cortisol
If it is determined that you are producing too much cortisol, further testing may be needed to find the cause of the excessive levels. For example, is it due to a pituitary tumor (adenoma), an ectopic target for ACTH, or an adrenal cause?
Blood tests that measure levels of cortisol and other hormones may also help find the cause. This may involve taking blood from an abnormal part of the body. You may also want to have a CT scan of the pituitary gland, adrenal glands, or various components of the frame. The tests are usually quite complex.
Petroleum copper sampling
The petrosal sinus is a vein at the base of the skull that drains the pituitary gland. Petroleum copper sampling is a highly sensitive, unique, and accurate method for diagnosing Cushing’s disease and distinguishing between pituitary and ectopic ACTH.
Catheters are placed in the veins of all legs and connected to the jugular veins on either side of the neck. A small catheter is then inserted through each catheter into the petrosal sinus on either side of the pituitary gland. Blood samples are taken from both catheters in addition to the blood circulating through the frame to assess hormonal levels.
Surgical treatment for pituitary adenoma
If you have a pituitary adenoma, the most common treatment is surgical removal. This is achieved using a very nice device. A healthcare provider can reach the pituitary gland through a slight reduction behind the upper lip, just above the front teeth (or sometimes inside the nostril).
The device is delivered through the sphenoid bone, the base of the skull. Therefore, this surgery is called ‘transsphenoidal surgery’ and is first completed under anesthesia. The goal is to remove the adenoma but leave the rest of the pituitary gland intact.
When an adenoma is removed, cortisol levels in the body move from high levels to nearly zero. Therefore, after surgery, you will need to take a medication called hydrocortisone (similar to cortisol) several months before your pituitary gland. Back to regular.
It takes several months for the physique to readjust and for the signs and symptoms to develop in stages. The task succeeds about 8 out of 10 times. Your general practitioner will sometimes make recommendations for complications that may arise. For example:
Sometimes surgery can cause additional damage to other components of the pituitary gland. This can cause a decrease in the production of several other hormones. If this happens, replacement hormone therapy may be used.
Sometimes it is not always feasible to remove all cells that make additional ACTH. If this occurs and ACTH remains excessive after surgery, a second surgery or other corrective measures indexed below are chosen.
