In other action on Wednesday, Daniil Medvedev fought back from a set and a break down to defeat France’s Alexandre Muller.
The fifth-seeded Russian team won 6-7 (3-7) 7-6 (7-4) 6-4 7-5 after three hours and 28 minutes of play on Centre Court.
“It was never easy, but I tried to stay strong, survive the game and fight back,” said the 28-year-old Medvedev.
“I’m definitely happy with this win. I could have done a lot better, but winning gives me confidence that I can do better in the next round.”
Medvedev, who reached the semi-finals at Wimbledon last year, will face Germany’s Jan-Lennard Struff in the third round.
Eighth seed Kasper Rudd lost 6-4 7-5 6-7 (1-7) 6-3 to Italy’s world number 94 Fabio Fognini.
Norway’s Ruud, who prefers clay and hard court surfaces over grass, has lost in the second round of Wimbledon for the third year in a row.
France’s Gael Monfils led three-time Grand Slam champion Stan Waurinka 7-6 (7-5) 6-4 5-5 with two games remaining in the third round before play was halted due to poor light.
American 12th seed Tommy Paul met world number 147 Otto Virtanen in the first round before the Queen’s champion prevailed 4-6 6-3 5-7 7-5 6-4 on the third court.
Meanwhile, Australia’s Thanasi Kokkinakis rescued four match points to beat 17th seed Felix Auger-Aliassime 4-6 5-7 7-6 (11-9) 6-4 6-4.
